中國林業科學先驅——凌道揚 A Pioneer of Forestry Science in China – Lin Daoyang

今年八月，中大創辦人之一——凌道揚博士在深圳市龍崗區的故居經修葺後開放予市民參觀，内設圖片展覽，介紹凌博士的生平和貢獻。凌博士與中大的關係，未必爲人所熟知，但他所題的一副對聯，大家都會見過——
「崇高惟博愛　本天地立心　無間東西　溝通學術
  基礎在育才　當海山勝境　有懷胞與　陶鑄人羣」
這副聳立在崇基學院大埔道校門和大學鐵路站旁的崇基校聯，每日見證著絡繹不絕的車輛和行人。

今天的中大校園，追溯淵源，始於五十年代，時爲崇基學院院長的凌博士，向政府申請崇基校園旁的山地植樹造林，無意中奠定了後來成立的中文大學的校園地基。

凌道揚博士1888年生於廣東新安縣布吉村（今深圳市龍崗區）一基督教家庭，祖父和父親均爲牧師。1909年，凌博士畢業於上海聖約翰大學，獲文學士學位後被清政府聘爲八旗學校英語教師，翌年陪同兩位清室貴胄赴美國麻省農學院學習農科，後考入耶魯大學研究生院，1914年獲林學碩士學位，成爲第一位取得林業科學專業的中國人。

有感當時中國積弱與林業資源不發達有關，凌博士主張「森林救國」，回國後致力於林業科學的研究和普及工作，並於1915年發起「中國植樹節」和1917年創辦「中華森林會」，宣傳保護林木的重要性。凌博士更曾參與孫中山《建國方略》和《三民主義》農林部分章節的寫作，和黎元洪大總統時期《森林法》之起草，並從事黃河上游水土保持暨西北建設規劃等。

1940年代，凌博士來港定居，參與創建崇基學院，並於1955年至1960年出任學院院長，期間與新亞書院和聯合書院成立香港中文專上學校協會（1957），爭取在香港成立以中文為教學媒介的大學；又以其專業知識擎劃崇基校園；1960年至1963年出任聯合書院院長，於中文大學成立後退休。1993年8月20日，凌博士於美國病逝，享年104歲。

In August, the former residence of Dr. Lin Daoyang, one of the founding fathers of CUHK, has been repaired and opened by the local government of Longgang District of Shenzhen. A photo exhibition of "A Pioneer of Forestry Science in China – Lin Daoyang" was also set up to introduce Dr. Lin and his notable contributions to China. Nowadays CUHK people may have little or no idea about Dr. Lin, but they are probably familiar with his calligraphy – the famous Chung Chi College couplet, which erected at the College entrance on Tai Po Road as well as the University Station.

In 1950s Dr. Lin (then the President of Chung Chi College) applied to the Government for the land adjoining Chung Chi campus for afforestation, and the granted land later became the foundation of CUHK campus.

Dr. Lin Daoyang was born in Buji Village, Xin’an County (now Longgang District, Shenzhen), Guangdong Province in 1888. He grew up in a Christian family that both his grandfather and father were priests. In 1909, Dr. Lin graduated with a BA degree from Saint John's University, Shanghai and was employed by the Qing Government as English teacher of Baqi School. In the following year, Dr. Lin accompanied with two Manchurian nobles to study at the University of Massachusetts, U.S., and later he entered Yale University and earned a master’s degree of Forestry in 1914. He was the first Chinese obtaining such a professional degree.

Dr. Lin felt that the weakness of China was a result of its poor condition of forestry resource, so when he came back to China he dedicated to research and promotion of Forestry Science. He found "China Arbor Day" in 1915 and "China Forestry Society" in 1917. Dr. Ling has participated in writing agriculture and forestry part of Sun Yat-sen's Plan for National Reconstruction and the Three Principles of the People, drafting of forest law for Li Yuanhong, the president of the Republic of China, as well as the conservation of the upper course of the Yellow River and the construction planning of Northwest China.

In 1940s, Dr. Ling came to Hong Kong and become one of the founding fathers of Chung Chi College. He was the President of Chung Chi from 1955 and 1960. During this period, Chung Chi, New Asia and United College formed “the Chinese Colleges Joint Council” (1957) to strive for degree-awarding status for the three colleges and establishment of a new university using Chinese as the medium of instruction. As a forestry expert Dr. Lin had also put a lot of effort into Chung Chi’s campus planning. From 1960 to 1963 Dr. Lin became the President of United College and retired after the establishment of CUHK. Dr. Lin passed away in U.S. on 20 August 1993 at the age of 104.

延伸閲讀 Further Readings：
劉中國：《中國近代林業科學先驅凌道揚傳》（香港：公元出版有限公司，2008）
劉中國˴劉鴻雁編譯：《中國近代林業科學先驅凌道揚全集》（香港：公元出版有限公司，2009）
《培芳植翠道悠揚——崇基校園植樹回顧展》（香港：香港中文大學崇基學院，2014）

凌道揚博士 (1888-1993)
Dr. Lin Daoyang (1888-1993)
 

凌道揚博士《森林學大意》書影 (1916)
Book Cover of Dr. Lin Daoyang’s An Introduction of Forestry (1916)

1950年代，凌道揚博士向政府申請山地造林，港督以凌博士為林業專家，特別以300英畝地（十倍於崇基校園）租予崇基，成爲崇基的造林區，亦成就了日後中大校園的宏大規模 (圖片來源：崇基學院)
In 1950s, because of Dr. Lin Daoyang’s expertise, a 300-acre land (10 times size of Chung Chi campus) was rent to Chung Chi College for afforestation. This piece of land later became the foundation of CUHK campus. (Source: Chung Chi College)

 

凌道揚博士在崇基山頭除草植樹 (1958) (圖片來源：崇基學院)
Dr. Lin Daoyang (left) planting trees at hilltop of Chung Chi Campus (1958) (Source: Chung Chi College)

馬料水火車站 (1950年代) ——前排握拐杖者為凌道揚博士。馬料水車站在1967年1月1日改稱大學站。
Ma Liu Shui Station (1950s) ——the person with a cane in the front row is Dr. Lin Daoyang. Ma Liu Shui Station was renamed University Station from 1 January 1967.

 

大學鐵路站旁凌道揚博士所題崇基學院校聯 (1959)
Chung Chi College couplet at the University Station, written by Dr. Lin Daoyang (1959)







 









深圳市龍崗區布吉「中國近代林業科學先驅——凌道揚」圖片展 (2017)
The Photo Exhibition "A Pioneer of Forestry Science in China – Lin Daoyang", Buji, Longgang District, Shenzhen (2017)